Modern hospitals are widely equipped by more and more complex technical equipment and systems. Medical staff servicing them has to work sometimes in very difficult conditions and on a limit of psycho physiological capabilities. The doctor bears responsibility for effective functioning of all systems of an organism, and the mistake made by him can result in heavy consequences. Experience shows that incorrect actions of doctors owing to their insufficient professional readiness are main causes of complications during treatment.

Scientific and technical revolution has caused the necessity of improvement of vocational training system and, in particular, professional training of doctors.

The most effective means of professional training of doctors are simulators, including on the basis the computer where in conformity with the system "person - simulator" (SPS) it is realized the artificial physical or functional model of a man and all systems of his organism. Simulators provide to the greatest degree the fulfillment of psychological-pedagogical requirements to the process of skills forming both at individual training, and at improvement of the group of doctors’ interaction maximally allowing approaching the conditions of teaching to the conditions of real activity of a doctor.

Simulators enable to change essentially the system of doctors preparation: to apply the most rational methods of teaching, to proceed during teaching from the decision of the elementary problems to decision-making in problem situations, to increase the quality of professional training and to reduce its terms. Application of simulators allows saving resources, to save up real engineering, to increase safety of treatment. Cost of training on a simulator makes only small part of the costs expended at improvement of similar skills on real engineering. All costs of implementation of simulators are recompensed within several months of their operation.

In sphere of simulators building the majority of advanced countries advanced achievements of a science and engineering are used. The basic directions of new development in the field of foreign simulators building are: creation of training-imitating models of mans systems functioning in norm and pathologies; wide use of microprocessor and television engineering; perfection of the processes visualization systems occurring in an organism; synthesis of television images on boards of trainees and instructors with the help of the computer; wide application of lasers, sound effects in simulators.

At designing of simulators it is necessary to pay due attention to the system analysis taking into account the functioning of the real object, i.e. the person and activity of the doctor during treatment, rational distribution of functions between teaching complex components, opportunities of modern teaching methods and methods of skills formation, opportunities of modern technical means, etc. The similar analysis is necessary both to designers of simulators, and teachers and allows to answer three main questions of professional teaching of doctors: what to teach (what is to be put in the program), how to teach (what teaching technique is to be applied) and by what means (what structure of means of a simulator should be).